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Unit 1: Introduction to Computer Graphics
What do you mean by the refresh rate of a display device? Explain vector scan display with a suitable diagram.
Calculate the total memory required to store a 5 minute video in SVGA system with 24 bit true color and 30 fps.
Differentiate between raster and vector graphics method.
Calculate the total memory required to store an 8 minute video in a SVGA system with 24 bit true color and 25 fps.
Differentiate between vector and raster graphics.
Describe the architecture of raster scan display.
Describe the architecture of raster and random scan display.
Explain software standards in computer graphics.
Unit 2: Scan Conversion Algorithm
Derive the expression for Bresenham's Line Drawing algorithm. Trace the points in the line path with starting point (6,12) and end point (10,5) using Bresenham's line drawing algorithm.
Plot the first octant of a circle centered at (-2,-2), having a radius of 5 units using the mid-point circle algorithm.
What is a Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA)? How can you draw the line using this algorithm? Trace the points on the line path between A(1,3) and B(6,7) using Bresenham's line drawing algorithm.
Write down algorithm steps of mid-point ellipse drawing algorithm.
Explain the importance of filling algorithms in graphics applications. Differentiate between boundary and flood fill algorithm with algorithm.
Explain the working details of Mid-point circle algorithm? Trace the points along the line path having two end points {6,9} and (2,3) using Bresenham's line drawing algorithm.
Plot the 1st octant of a circle centered at origin, having the radius 10 units.
List the major differences between DDA and Bradenham's Line drawing algorithm. Illustrate the DDA algorithm to the line with end points (2,2) and (9,2).
Trace the Bresenham's Line drawing algorithm for the end points (1,1) and (8,5).
Plot the ellipse centered at (0,0) with radius r_x=8 and r_y=6, using mid-point ellipse drawing algorithm.
Why normal equation of circle is not used to compute circle? Write algorithm for Bresenham's line drawing technique. Derive mid-point circle algorithm.
Explain scanline polygonal filling technique.
Unit 3: Two-Dimensional Geometric Transformations
What is the major drawback of Sutherland Hodgeman Polygon Clipping Algorithm? Illustrate with a suitable example.
Given a triangle with vertices A(2,3), B(5,5), C(4,3) by rotating 90 degrees about the origin and then translating two units in each direction. Use the homogeneous transformation matrix to find the new vertices of the triangle.
Illustrate the window to viewport transformation with example.
Why Liang Barsky Line Clipping Algorithm is efficient than Cohen Sutherland Algorithm? Explain the clipping procedure of Liang Barsky algorithm with suitable example.
Reflect a line segment having end points (9,3) and (12,10) about a line X=7. Draw initial and final result graph as well.
Write the algorithm for Cohen-Sutherland Line clipping. Clip the polygon A(100,150), B(200,250) and C(300,200) with the clipping window defined by the coordinates (100,300),(300,300) and (200,100) using Sutherland Hodgeman Polygon Clipping algorithm.
Reflect a line segment having endpoints {9,3} and (12,10) about a line Y=7. Draw initial and final result graph as well.
Find the composite transformation matrix for reflection about a line y=mx+c.
Find the new coordinate of the triangle ABC, with coordinates A(0,0), B(1,1) and C(5,2) after it has been magnified to twice of its size.
Describe the requirement for line clipping. Explain the scan line polygon filling algorithm.
Translate a triangle ABC with coordinates A(0,0), B(5,0) and C(5,5) by 2 units in x-direction and 3 units in y-direction.
Let ABCD be the rectangle window with A(0,0), B(10,0), C(10,10) and D(0,10). Use Liang Barsky line clipping algorithm to clip the line XY where X(5,3) and Y(15,9).
Define window, viewport and viewing transformation. Let ABCD be the regular window with A(20,20), B(90,20), C(90,70), and D(20,70). Find the region codes for end points and use Cohen Sutherland algorithm to clip the lines P(10,30) Q(80,90).
Define clipping.
Find viewport coordinates of quadrilateral (1,1),(1,2),(2,2) and (3,4) in a window with diagonal endpoints (1,1), and (4,4) to viewport with diagonal endpoints (3,2), and (6,6).
What are the advantages of a homogeneous coordinate system? Explain and derive 2D shear about a base line y=y_ref.
What is a window to viewport transformation? Deduce window to viewport transformation with appropriate mathematical expression.
Clip a line using Cohen Sutherland algorithm with end points (10,10) and (60,30) in a window (15,15) and (25,25).
Reflect a triangle (2,4),(4,6),(2,6) about a line y=1/2(x+4).
Unit 4: Three-Dimensional Geometric Transformation
Differentiate between parallel projection and perspective projections.
Differentiate between parallel and perspective projection with suitable diagram.
Differentiate between orthographic, parallel, and perspective projections.
Derive the relation for three-dimensional translation and rotation.
Derive oblique projection matrix. What is the difference between cavalier and cabinet projection?
Unit 5: 3D Objects Representation
Explain B-spline curve and its properties.
Construct the Bezier curve with the following polygon vertices (control points): A(1,1), B(2,3), C(4,3), and D(6,4).
Explain polygon surface representation using Polygon table and polygon meshes.
Explain about parametric curve. Describe the properties of Bezier curve.
What are blobby objects? How it is represented? Explain the wireframe representation of 3D objects.
What is polygon table? Explain the use of this method in 3D object representation.
Describe Spline representation for the curve.
Explain the Bezier curve and B-Spline curve.
What is the task of a polygon table?
What is quadric surface?
How polygon table is used in representing polygons? Explain the representations of any three curves.
Define blobby objects.
What is the purpose of wireframe representation? Describe about boundary and space partitioning.
Discuss about cubic spline interpolation.
Explain about Hermite curve.
Unit 6: Solid Modeling
Explain Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) trees with a suitable example.
What do you understand by solid modeling? Explain binary space partition method.
What is the method to recognize boundary point and interior point in solid modeling? Describe how BSP recursively subdivided a space into convex sets.
Describe how a polygon can be represented using BSP tree with example.
Explain about sweep, octree and boundary representations for solid modeling.
Unit 7: Visible Surface Detections
Compare the Scanline Method for Visible Surface Detection with the Depth Buffer Method.
Differentiate between object space and image space methods of hidden surface removal. Describe the Z-buffer hidden surface removal algorithm.
Why do we have to remove hidden surfaces? Explain with any one methodology.
Discuss the limitation of Z-Buffer algorithm.
What is the role of ray tracing in visible surface detection? Explain how scan line algorithm is used for back face detection.
Describe Painter's algorithm.
List any two disadvantages of BSP tree method in visible surface detection. Make a comparison between Painter's algorithm and A-Buffer algorithm.
How scaling method is used in hidden surface removal.
Unit 8: Illumination Models and Surface Rendering Technique
Describe any two basic illumination models.
Write short notes on: b) Intensity Attenuation.
How a realistic image can be generated in computer graphics? Explain fast Phong shading.
Define the term 'rendering' in computer graphics. Explain Phong Shading Method with its advantage and disadvantage.
Write short notes on: c) Intensity Attenuation.
Define intensity attenuation. Distinguish between Gouraud shading and Phong shading model.
What is the advantage of real-time rendering over offline rendering?
Compare between diffuse reflection and specular reflection.
What is the significant difference between rendering and image synthesis in creating computer-generated 3D images? Describe any two polygon rendering methods.
Describe about basic illumination models.
How can we detect shadows in computer graphics? List the challenges in computing light models.
What is specular reflection model of Phong? Explain shadows and intensity attenuation in illumination modeling.
Unit 9: Introduction to Virtual Reality
Differentiate between virtual reality and augmented reality with examples.
What is virtual reality? Explain some form of virtual reality.
List some significance of virtual reality. Differentiate between virtual reality and augmented reality with example.
How virtual realities differ with our real world? Describe some components of VR system.
List some applications of VR. What might be the possible navigation techniques and manipulating interfaces in virtual reality? Justify.
What is VR? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
Unit 10: Introduction to OpenGL
Explain any two functions in OpenGL. Write the basic commands to draw the pixel and polygon in OpenGL.
Write short notes on: a) OpenGL.
Demonstrate how a polygon can be created using OpenGL.
Write a procedure to draw a line in OpenGL.
Give some basic color models. Give the basic command to draw the pixel and polygon in OpenGL.
Mention any two color commands in OpenGL.