IMPORTANT PHYSICS QUESTION

Conquer CSIT Physics: Syllabus Breakdown & Past Year Questions for First Semester

Hello CSIT First Semester students! Physics can be a challenging subject, but with focused preparation, you can excel. This post breaks down your CSIT Physics syllabus into manageable units and provides categorized past-year questions to guide your study efforts.

यो सामग्री एकजना BSc CSIT का विद्यार्थीले मलाई सहयोगको रूपमा उपलब्ध गराउनुभएको हो। उहाँप्रति म निकै आभारी छु। मैले उहाँलाई नाम र कलेज उल्लेख गरेर श्रेय दिन चाहेको थिएँ तर उहाँले नाम वा कलेज केही पनि उल्लेख नगर्न भन्नुभएको थियो।

यदि तपाईंले पनि यस्तै उपयोगी जानकारी साझा गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने हामीलाई पठाउन सक्नुहुन्छ। तपाईंको अनुमति अनुसार तपाईंलाई श्रेय दिन हामी खुशी हुनेछौं — तपाईंको नाम र कलेज दुवै, वा केवल नाम, वा केवल कलेज नाम — जस्तो तपाईंलाई ठीक लाग्छ। तपाईंको योगदान अरू धेरैलाई उपयोगी हुन सक्छ।

📩 तपाईं मलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ: madhav.paudel40400@gmail.com

CSIT Physics Syllabus Units

The CSIT Physics syllabus is divided into the following key units:

Unit 1: Rotational Dynamics and Oscillatory Motion (5 hours)
Unit 2: Electric and Magnetic Field (5 hours)
Unit 3: Fundamentals of Atomic Theory (8 hours)
Unit 4: Methods of Quantum Mechanics (5 hours)
Unit 5: Fundamentals of Solid State Physics (6 hours)
Unit 6: Semiconductor and Semiconductor Devices (8 hours)
Unit 7: Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits (8 hours)

Past Year Questions by Unit

Unit 1: Rotational Dynamics and Oscillatory Motion

This unit focuses on moment of inertia, torque, rotational kinetic energy, conservation of angular momentum, and oscillatory motion of a spring (frequency, period, amplitude, phase angle, and energy).

Model Question: Set up differential equation for an oscillation of a spring using Hooke’s and Newton’s second law. Find the general solution of this equation and hence the expressions for period, velocity, and acceleration of oscillation. (Model, 10 marks)
Model Question: A given spring stretches 0.1 m when a force of 20 N pulls on it. A 2-kg block attached to it on a frictionless surface is pulled to the right 0.2 m and released. (a) What is the frequency of oscillation of the block? (b) What is its velocity at the midpoint? (c) What is its acceleration at either end? (d) What are the velocity and acceleration when x = 0.12 m, on the block's first passing this point? (Model, 5 marks)
2074: Describe moment of inertia and torque for a rotating rigid body. Find the expression for rotational kinetic energy and discuss the conditions for conservation. (2074, 10 marks)
2075: Set up a differential equation for an oscillation of a spring using Hooke’s and Newton’s second law. Find the general solution of this equation and hence the expressions for the period, velocity, and acceleration of oscillation. (2075, 10 marks)
2075: A large wheel of radius 0.4 m and moment of inertia 1.2 kgm², pivoted at the center, is free to rotate without friction. A rope is wound around it and a 2-kg weight is attached to the rope. When the weight has descended 1.5 m from its starting position, (a) what is its downward velocity? (b) what is the rotational velocity of the wheel? (2075, 5 marks)
2077: Set up a differential equation for an oscillation of a spring using Hooke’s and Newton’s second law. Find the general solution of this equation and hence the expressions for the period, velocity, and acceleration of oscillation. (2077, 10 marks)
2077: A roulette wheel with moment of inertia I = 0.5 kgm² rotating initially at 2 rev/sec coasts to a stop from the constant friction torque of bearing. If the torque is 0.4 Nm, how long does it take to stop? (2077, 5 marks)
2078: A given spring stretches 0.1 m when a force of 20 N pulls on it. A 2-kg block attached to it on a frictionless surface is pulled to the right 0.2 m and released. (a) What is the frequency of oscillation of the block? (b) What are the velocity and acceleration when x = 0.12 m, on the block’s first passing this point? (2078, 5 marks)
2079: Set up differential equation for an oscillation of a spring using Hooke’s and Newton’s second law. (2079, 5 marks)
2079: An oscillating block of mass 250 g takes 0.15 sec to move between the endpoints of the motion, which are 40 cm apart. Find (a) frequency and (b) amplitude of the motion, and (c) force constant of the spring. (2079, 5 marks)
2080: Distinguish rigid and non-rigid body. Derive an expression for rotational kinetic energy and discuss the condition for conservation of energy. A wheel of radius 0.4 m and moment of inertia 1.2 kg-m², pivoted at the center, is free to rotate without friction. A rope is wound around it and a 2-kg weight is attached to the rope. When the weight has descended 1.5 m from its starting position, find the rotational velocity of the wheel. (2080, 10 marks)
2080: An oscillating block of mass 250 g takes 0.2 sec to move between the endpoints of the motion, which are 50 cm apart. Find the frequency and amplitude of the motion. What is the force constant of the spring? (2080, 5 marks)
2081: An oscillating block of mass 250 g takes 0.15 sec to move between the endpoints of the motion, which are 40 cm apart. Find (a) frequency and (b) amplitude of the motion, and (c) force constant of the spring. (2081, 5 marks)

Unit 2: Electric and Magnetic Field

This unit includes electric field and potential, magnetic field, force on current-carrying wires, magnetic dipole moment, Hall effect, and electromagnetic waves.

Model Question: Two large parallel plates are separated by a distance of 5 cm. The plates have equal but opposite charges that create an electric field in the region between the plates. An α particle (q = 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁹ C, m = 6.68 × 10⁻²⁷ kg) is released from the positively charged plate, and it strikes the negatively charged plate 2 × 10⁻⁶ sec later. Assuming that the electric field between the plates is uniform and perpendicular to the plates, what is the strength of the electric field? (Model, 5 marks)
2074: A current of 50 A is established in a slab of copper 0.5 cm thick and 2 cm wide. The slab is placed in a magnetic field B of 1.5 T. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the slab and to the current. The free electron concentration in copper is 8.4 × 10²⁸ electrons/m³. What will be the magnitude of the Hall voltage across the width of the slab? (2074, 5 marks)
2074: Explain Hall Effect and discuss the importance of Hall voltage while manufacturing electronic devices. (2074, 5 marks)
2075: Discuss Magnetic dipole moment. What is its effect on atom and on molecules? Explain. (2075, 10 marks)
2075: An electron is placed midway between two fixed charges, q₁ = 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ C and q₂ = 5 × 10⁻¹⁰ C. If the charges are 1 m apart, what is the velocity of the electron when it reaches a point 10 cm from q₂? (2075, 5 marks)
2077: Two large parallel plates are separated by a distance of 5 cm. The plates have equal but opposite charges that create an electric field in the region between the plates. An α particle (q = 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁹ C, m = 6.68 × 10⁻²⁷ kg) is released from the positively charged plate, and it strikes the negatively charged plate 2 × 10⁻⁶ sec later. Assuming that the electric field between the plates is uniform and perpendicular to the plates, what is the strength of the electric field? (2077, 5 marks)
2077: Discuss magnetic dipole moment. What is its effect on atoms and on molecules? Explain. (2077, 5 marks)
2078: Find expression for force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field to find the force experienced by a single charge. (2078, 10 marks)
2078: A proton is moving with a velocity v = (3 × 10⁵ i + 7 × 10⁵ k) m/sec in a region where there is a magnetic field B = 0.4j T. Find the force experienced by the proton. (2078, 5 marks)
2079: Describe behavior of mobile negative charges in the Hall effect experiment. (2079, 5 marks)
2079: A potential difference of 100 V is established between the two plates, one being the high potential plate (say A). A proton of charge q = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C is released from plate B, the other plate. What will be the velocity of the proton when it reaches plate A? The mass of the proton is 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg. (2079, 5 marks)
2079: Explain the effect of external magnetic field on current-carrying loops. Describe torque on a current-carrying rectangular loop of wire on a pivot rod when placed in a magnetic field. Give alternative way of increasing the torque on the coil. (2079, 10 marks)
2080: A potential difference of 100 V is established between the two plates, one being the high potential plate. An alpha particle of charge q = 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁹ C is released from one plate to another plate. What will be the velocity of the alpha particle when it reaches the plate? The mass of the alpha particle is 6.70 × 10⁻²⁷ kg. (2080, 5 marks)
2080: A current of 50 A is supplied in a slab of copper 0.5 cm thick and 2 cm wide is placed in a magnetic field B of 1.5 T. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the slab and to the current. The free electron concentration in copper is 8.4 × 10²⁸ electrons/m³. What will be the magnitude of the Hall voltage across the width of the slab? (2080, 5 marks)
2080: How electric and magnetic fields are incorporated in electromagnetic wave? Explain. (2080, 5 marks)
2081: Describe torque on a current-carrying rectangular loop of wire on a pivot rod when placed in a magnetic field. Give an alternative way of increasing the torque on the coil. (2081, 10 marks)
2081: A proton is accelerated through a potential difference of 200 V. It then enters a region where there is a magnetic field B = 0.5 T. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the proton. Find the force experienced by the proton. (2081, 5 marks)

Unit 3: Fundamentals of Atomic Theory

This unit covers blackbody radiation, Bohr’s atomic model, the Franck-Hertz experiment, de Broglie’s hypothesis, uncertainty principle, matter waves, and group velocity.

Model Question: What are (a) the energy, (b) the momentum, and (c) the wavelength of the photon that is emitted when a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from the state n = 3 to n = 1? (Model, 5 marks)
2074: Explain the theory of black body radiation. Why does this theory need quantum mechanical interpretation? How did this interpretation become experimentally successful? Explain. (2074, 10 marks)
2074: The uncertainty in the position of a particle is equal to the de Broglie wavelength of the particle. Calculate the uncertainty in the velocity of the particle in terms of the velocity of the de Broglie wave associated with the particle. (2074, 5 marks)
2075: Describe Franck-Hertz experiment. Interpret how the results of this experiment advocate the atomic model proposed by Bohr? (2075, 10 marks)
2075: A small particle of mass 10⁻⁶ gm moves along the x-axis; its speed is uncertain by 10⁻⁶ m/s. (a) What is the uncertainty in the x coordinate of the particle? (b) Repeat the calculation for an electron assuming that the uncertainty in its velocity is also 10⁻⁶ m/s. Use the known values for electrons and Planck’s constant. (2075, 5 marks)
2077: Describe the Franck-Hertz experiment. Discuss its result and outline limitations. (2077, 10 marks)
2077: A neutron spectroscopy beam of monoenergetic neutrons is obtained by reflecting reactor neutrons from a beryllium crystal. If separation between the atomic planes of the beryllium crystal is 0.732 Å, what is the angle between the incident neutron beam and the atomic planes that will yield a monochromatic beam of neutrons of wavelength 0.1 Å? (2077, 5 marks)
2078: Give spectrum of Hydrogen atom and discuss its lines. (2078, 5 marks)
2078: A neutron spectroscopy beam of monoenergetic neutrons is obtained by reflecting reactor neutrons from a beryllium crystal. If separation between the atomic planes of the beryllium crystal is 0.732 Å, what is the angle between the incident neutron beam and the atomic planes that will yield a monochromatic beam of neutrons of wavelength 0.1 Å? (2078, 5 marks)
2079: What are (a) the energy, (b) the momentum, and (c) the wavelength of the photon that is emitted when a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from the state n = 4 to n = 2? (2079, 5 marks)
2079: An α particle is emitted from a radioactive nucleus with an energy of 6.8 MeV. Calculate its wavelength and compare it with the size of the emitting nucleus that has a radius of 8 × 10⁻¹⁵ m. (2079, 5 marks)
2080: Calculate uncertainty in the momentum of electron if uncertainty in its position is 1 Å (10⁻¹⁰ m). (2080, 5 marks)
2081: Explain group velocity. (2081, 5 marks)
2081: A small particle of mass 10⁻⁶ g moves along the x-axis; its speed is uncertain by 10⁻⁶ m/sec. (a) What is the uncertainty in the x coordinate of the particle? (b) Repeat the calculation for an electron assuming that the uncertainty in its velocity is also 10⁻⁶ m/s. (2081, 5 marks)

Unit 4: Methods of Quantum Mechanics

This unit includes Schrödinger’s theory, its application to the hydrogen atom, space quantization, spin, and atomic wave functions.

Model Question: Set up Schrödinger equation for Hydrogen atom using spherical polar coordinates and separate radial and angular part of this equation. Without solving radial and angular equations, discuss the quantum numbers associated with these. (Model, 10 marks)
Model Question: For a free quantum particle show that the wavefunction, ψ(x,t) = A cos(kx) e⁻ⁱωt satisfies the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. (Model, 5 marks)
2074: How many atomic states are there in hydrogen with n=3? How are they distributed among the subshells? Label each state with the appropriate set of quantum numbers n, l, m, mₛ. Show that the number of states in a shell, that is, states having the same n, is given by 2n². (2074, 5 marks)
2075: What is the probability of finding a particle in a well of width a at a position a/4 from the wall if n = 1, if n = 2, if n = 3. Use the normalized wavefunction ψ(x,t) = (2/a)¹/² sin(nπx/a) e⁻ⁱᴱᵗ/ħ. (2075, 5 marks)
2077: What is the probability of finding a particle in a well of width a at a position a/4 from the wall if n = 1, if n = 2, if n = 3. Use the normalized wavefunction ψ(x,t) = (2/a)¹/² sin(nπx/a) e⁻ⁱᴱᵗ/ħ. (2077, 5 marks)
2078: Describe the term “space quantization”. (2078, 5 marks)
2078: How many atomic states are there in hydrogen with n=3? How are they distributed among the subshells? Label each state with the appropriate set of quantum numbers n, l, m, mₛ. Show that the number of states in a shell, that is, states having the same n, is given by 2n². (2078, 5 marks)
2079: What do you mean by the wavefunction? Discuss its physical significance. Set up time-independent and time-dependent Schrödinger wave equation. What are the implications of this equation? Discuss. (2079, 10 marks)
2080: Set up Schrödinger equation for Hydrogen atom using spherical polar coordinate. Separate radial and angular part of this equation using appropriate separation constant. Discuss the separation constant and hence the quantum numbers associated with these two equations. What information can be drawn from the angular part of Schrödinger equation? Explain. (2080, 10 marks)
2081: Set up Schrödinger equation and discuss the wavefunction. (2081, 5 marks)

Unit 5: Fundamentals of Solid State Physics

This unit covers crystal structure, classical and quantum mechanical free electron models, Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penney model, tight-binding approximation, conductors, insulators, semiconductors, effective mass, and holes.

Model Question: What do you mean by Bloch theorem? Discuss its use in Kronig-Penney model and hence in band theory. (Model, 5 marks)
Model Question: Copper has a face-centered cubic structure with a one-atom basis. The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm³ and its atomic weight is 63.5 g/mole. What is the length of the unit cube of the structure? (Model, 5 marks)
2074: Copper has a face-centered cubic structure with a one-atom basis. The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm³ and its atomic weight is 63.5 g/mole. What is the length of the unit cube of the structure? (2074, 5 marks)
2074: Discuss effective mass of electrons and holes. (2074, 5 marks)
2075: Assuming that atoms are in a crystal structure and arranged as close-packed spheres, what is the ratio of the volume of the atoms to the volume available for the simple cubic structure? Assume a one-atom basis. (2075, 5 marks)
2075: Explain Bloch theorem? Discuss its use in the Kronig-Penney model and hence in band theory. (2075, 5 marks)
2077: The energy gap in silicon is 1.1 eV, whereas in diamond it is 6 eV. What conclusion can you draw about the transparency of the two materials to visible light (4000 Å to 7000 Å)? (2077, 5 marks)
2078: Describe a brief account of Kronig-Penney model. (2078, 5 marks)
2078: The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm³ and its molecular weight is 26.98 g/mole. (a) Calculate the Fermi energy. (b) If the experimental value of E_F is 12 eV, what is the electron effective mass in aluminum? Aluminum is trivalent. (2078, 5 marks)
2079: The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm³ and its molecular weight is 26.98 g/mole. (a) Calculate the Fermi energy. (b) If the experimental value of E_F is 12 eV, what is the electron effective mass in aluminum? Aluminum is trivalent. (2079, 5 marks)
2080: Describe classical free electron model. (2080, 5 marks)
2080: Sodium has a body-centered cubic structure with a one-atom basis. The density and atomic weight of sodium are 0.971 g/cm³ and 23 g/mole. What is the length of the unit cube of the structure? (2080, 5 marks)
2081: Discuss effective mass of electrons and holes. (2081, 5 marks)

Unit 6: Semiconductor and Semiconductor Devices

This unit includes intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, electrical conductivity, photoconductivity, metal-metal junctions, contact potential, semiconductor diodes, BJTs, and FETs.

Model Question: What do you mean by the equilibrium current across the pn junction? Use Fermi-Dirac statistics and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to show the flow of electrons from n to p is equal to the flow from p to n. How electron current from p to n (that is, associated with minority carriers) is not affected by the height of the potential energy barrier? Explain. (Model, 10 marks)
2074: Explain equilibrium current across the PN junction? Use Fermi-Dirac statistics and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to show the flow n to p is equal to the flow from p to n. How electron current from p to n (that is, associated with minority carriers) is not affected by the height of the potential energy barrier? Explain. (2074, 10 marks)
2074: Describe electrical conductivity of semiconductors. (2074, 5 marks)
2075: Explain the construction and working of bipolar junction transistor (BJT). (2075, 5 marks)
2077: Explain the construction and working of bipolar junction transistor (BJT). (2077, 5 marks)
2078: Design electrical conductivity of semiconductors. Derive expression for conductivity in terms of impurity ionization energy. Give a plot to discuss “Theoretical temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of an impurity semiconductor”. (2078, 10 marks)
2079: Derive expression for electrical conductivity of semiconductor in terms of impurity ionization energy. (2079, 5 marks)
2081: What do you mean by the contact potential? Give a schematic of a p-n Junction by illustrating: (a) Potential difference V, resulting from the positive donor ions in the n-side of the depletion layer and the negative acceptor ions in the p-side of the depletion layer. (b) Potential energy barrier faced by the majority charge carriers (electrons) in the n-side of the diode as they attempt to cross the junction. (c) Potential energy barrier faced by the majority side of the diode as they attempt to cross the junction. (2081, 10 marks)

Unit 7: Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits

This unit covers universal gates, RTL and TTL gates, memory and clock circuits, semiconductor purification, and IC production processes.

Model Question: The output of a digital circuit (y) is given by this expression: y = A B + C A (B + C). Where A, B, and C represent inputs. Draw a circuit of above equation using OR, AND, and NOT gates and hence find its truth table. (Model, 5 marks)
Model Question: Describe the following process of IC production: (a) Oxidation, (b) Pattern definition, and (c) Doping. (Model, 5 marks)
2075: Explain the process of semiconductor purification by describing the terms zone refining, single crystal growth, and scheme of IC production. Give an account of electronic component fabrication on a chip. (2075, 10 marks)
2075: The output of a digital circuit (y) is given by this expression: y = (C B + C̅ A) (B̅ A). Where A, B, and C represent inputs. Draw a circuit of the above equation using OR, AND, and NOT gates and hence find its truth table. (2075, 5 marks)
2077: Explain RTL and TTL gates. How memory and clock circuits can be made by using these gates? Explain how they work? (2077, 10 marks)
2077: Describe the following process of IC production: (a) Oxidation, (b) Pattern definition, and (c) Doping. (2077, 5 marks)
2077: Find the truth table for the circuit shown in the figure. What logic function will the circuit perform if the constant +5 V input to the first two gates is changed to ground potential? [Circuit diagram: AND and latch circuit; refer to CSIT Guide] (2077, 5 marks)
2078: Describe processes involved in the fabrication of integrated circuits include epitaxial growth, oxidation, oxide removal and pattern definition, doping (impurities in the Si), and interconnection of components. (2078, 10 marks)
2078: Analyze the circuit in the figure below. Determine the logic function performed by the circuit by making and justifying the appropriate truth table. [Refer to hamrocsit.com link for diagram] (2078, 5 marks)
2079: Explain the meaning of “fabrication of integrated circuits”. Describe following processes involved in the fabrication of integrated circuits: epitaxial growth, oxidation, oxide removal and pattern definition, doping and interconnection of components. (2079, 10 marks)
2079: The output of a digital circuit (y) is given by this expression: y = (A’B’ + B’A) ((A + B)’ + C). Where A, B, and C represent inputs. Draw a circuit of above equation using OR, AND, and NOT gates and hence find its truth table. (2079, 5 marks)
2080: What are RTL and TTL gates? How memory and clock circuits can be made by using these gates? Show it. Explain the working scheme. Is it true that the TTL logic gates are typically fabricated onto a single integrated circuit (IC)? (2080, 10 marks)
2080: Describe the following process of IC production: (a) Oxidation and (b) Doping. Explain photolithography in brief. (2080, 5 marks)
2080: The output of a digital circuit (y) is given by this expression: y = (C + B’A) (A + B + D)’. Where A, B, C, and D represent inputs. Draw a circuit of above equation using OR, AND, and NOT gates and hence find its truth table. (2080, 5 marks)
2081: Discuss single crystal growth by discussing the following techniques: (a) Czochralski Method, (b) Bridgman-Stockbarger Method, (c) Floating Zone Method, and (d) Vapor-Phase Epitaxy. (2081, 10 marks)

Use these categorized questions to guide your physics exam preparation. Understanding these concepts and practicing similar problems will significantly improve your performance. Best of luck!

IMPORTANT PHYSICS QUESTION